Sebuah kalimat umumnya di awali oleh Subject sebagai pelaku dari sebuah tindakan atau kegiatan, kemudian sehabis Subject diikuti oleh sebuah kata kerja yang menandakan tindakan atau acara yang dikerjakan dan di akhiri oleh Object sebagai tujuan atau sasaran dari tindakan tersebut. Maka itulah yang disebut dengan kalimat aktif (Active sentence).
Sedangkan Passive Voice sebaliknya, Passive Voice yaitu kalimat yang diawali oleh Object terlebih dahulu kemudian diikuti oleh Verb (kata kerja) dalam bentuk past participle dan diakhiri oleh Subject.
Passive Voice biasanya dipakai untuk menandakan hasil dari sebuah tindakan, dan tidak terlalu memfokuskan pada Subject atau pelaku dari tindakan tersebut.
Contoh:
Falhan makes the rainbow cake. (Active sentence)
Falhan menciptakan masakan ringan anggun pelangi.
Subject = Falhan
Predicate = makes (verb)
Object = the rainbow cake
Kalau kalimat tersebut dirubah menjadi Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) maka kita akan memfokuskan pada hasil dari tindakan tersebut atau object dari kalimat tersebut, maka kalimatnya akan menjadi:
The rainbow cake is made by Falhan.
Kue pelangi dibentuk oleh Falhan.
atau kita juga dapat menghilangkan subject tersebut sepenuhnya, alasannya yaitu yang paling penting dalam Passive Voice yaitu hasil dari tindakan, maka kalimanya akan menjadi:
The rainbow cake is made.
Kue pelangi dibuat.
Setelah mendapat citra awal wacana Passive Voice kini kita akan membahas lebih lanjut wacana Passive Voice tersebut.
Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam merubah Active Sentence menjadi Passive Voice adalah:
1. Selalu gunakan past participle atau Verb 3 pada Passive Voice, alasannya yaitu kita tidak benar-benar merubah bentuk tenses dari kalimat tersebut, kita hanya merubah sedikit pola kalimatnya saja.
Falhan makes the rainbow cake. (Active sentence)
Falhan menciptakan masakan ringan anggun pelangi.
Subject = Falhan
Predicate = makes (verb)
Object = the rainbow cake
Kalau kalimat tersebut dirubah menjadi Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) maka kita akan memfokuskan pada hasil dari tindakan tersebut atau object dari kalimat tersebut, maka kalimatnya akan menjadi:
The rainbow cake is made by Falhan.
Kue pelangi dibentuk oleh Falhan.
atau kita juga dapat menghilangkan subject tersebut sepenuhnya, alasannya yaitu yang paling penting dalam Passive Voice yaitu hasil dari tindakan, maka kalimanya akan menjadi:
The rainbow cake is made.
Kue pelangi dibuat.
Setelah mendapat citra awal wacana Passive Voice kini kita akan membahas lebih lanjut wacana Passive Voice tersebut.
Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam merubah Active Sentence menjadi Passive Voice adalah:
1. Selalu gunakan past participle atau Verb 3 pada Passive Voice, alasannya yaitu kita tidak benar-benar merubah bentuk tenses dari kalimat tersebut, kita hanya merubah sedikit pola kalimatnya saja.
2. Gunakan To be pada Passive Voice dengan tenses yang sama dengan Active Sentence.
3. Subject dari Active Sentence yaitu Object dari Passive Voice, dan sebaliknya.
4. Gunakan kata "by" (oleh) apabila kita ingin menyebutkan Subject atau pelaku dari tindakan dalam kalimat tersebut.
Berikut yaitu pola perubahan kalimat dari Active Sentence menjadi Passive Voice dalam aneka macam bentuk tenses.
Berikut yaitu pola perubahan kalimat dari Active Sentence menjadi Passive Voice dalam aneka macam bentuk tenses.
Simple Present Tense
Gunakan To Be "is" atau "are" pada Passive Voice, dan ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Berikut rumus lengkapnya:
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + VERB 1 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + TO BE + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
Mila waters the flowers.
The flowers is watered by Mila.
Bambang and Hendra paint the fence.
The fence is painted by Bambang and Hendra.
A cat catches a mouse in the back yard.
a mouse is caught by a cat in the back yard.
Fani collects shells at the beach.
Shells are collected by Fani at the beach.
Hanna writes a roman novel.
A roman novel is written by Hanna.
Present Continuous Tense
Gunakan To Be "is being" atau "are being" pada Passive Voice, dan ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + TO BE + VERB-ING + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + TO BE + BEING + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
Harris is waiting for the package.
The Package is being waited by Harris.
Emanuel is calling his brother on the phone.
His brother is being called by Emanuel on the phone.
The students are planting some trees in the park.
Some trees are being planted by students in the park.
Sissy is folding letters in the library.
Letters are being folded by Sissy.
Citra is feeding her pet.
Her pet is being fed by Citra.
His brother is being called by Emanuel on the phone.
The students are planting some trees in the park.
Some trees are being planted by students in the park.
Sissy is folding letters in the library.
Letters are being folded by Sissy.
Citra is feeding her pet.
Her pet is being fed by Citra.
Present Perfect Tense
Gunakan Auxiliary "Have been" atau "Has been", dan ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + HAVE / HAS + VERB 3 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
Adi has taught me Arabic.
I have been taught Arabic by Adi.
They have bought a new shop in Jakarta.
A new shop has been bought by them in Jakarta.
Surya has cleaned the windows.
The windows have been cleaned by Surya.
I have fixed my broken watch.
My broken watch has been fixed by me.
She has washed the curtain.
The curtain has been washed by her.
Simple Past Tense
Gunakan To Be "was" atau "were", kemudian ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + VERB 2 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + TO BE (WAS/WERE) + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
Mela threw a paper over the classroom.
A paper was thrown over the classroom by Mela.
He shot the birds on the trees yesterday.
The birds on the trees were shot by him yesterday.
A Cleaning service swept the floor two days ago.
The floor was cleaned by a cleaning service two days ago.
My brother wore gloves.
Gloves were worn by my brother.
I won the competition last week.
The competition was won by me last week.
Past Continuous Tense
Gunakan To Be "was being" atau "were being" pada Passive Voice, dan ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + TO BE (WAS/WERE) + VERB-ING + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + TO BE (WAS/WERE) + BEING + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
I was typing a resume in my bedroom.
A resume was being typed by me in my bedroom.
Vera was spreading bed-sheet.
Bed-sheet was being spread by Vera.
Mr. Blair was punishing the students.
The students were being punished by Mr. Blair.
They were carrying some boxes.
Some boxes were carried by Them.
A robber was stealing jewelry.
Jewelry was being stolen by a robber.
Past Perfect Tense
Gunakan Auxiliary "Had been", dan ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + HAD + VERB 3 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + HAD BEEN + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
Arman had cut the grass.
The grass had been cut by Arman.
I had owned an apartment.
An apartment had been owned by me.
She had taken the driving course.
The driving course had been taken by Her.
Tono and Gino had sold meat balls.
Meat balls had been sold by Tono and Gino.
Stella had passed final examination.
Final examination had been passed by Stella.
Present Future Tense
Tambahkan kata "be" sehabis kata will, kemudian ubah Verb menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + WILL + VERB 1 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + WILL BE + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
Elvira will hold a concert next month.
A concert will be held by Elvira next month.
Dani will arrange a meeting with the director tomorrow.
A meeting with the director will be arranged by Dani tomorrow.
We will eat delicious buffet.
Delicious buffet will be eaten by Us.
Sania will drink fresh milk tomorrow morning.
Fresh milk will be drunk by Sania tomorrow morning.
He will drive his new car next Sunday.
His new car will be driven by him next Sunday.
Future Continuous Tense
Saat kita ingin merubah kalimat aktif Future Continuous Tense yang memakai "will be" kita harus merubahnya menjadi "will be being" pada bentuk Passive Voice, kemudian Verb-ing di ubah menjadi bentuk Verb 3.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + WILL BE + VERB-ING + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + WILL BE BEING + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
We will be waiting for the last bus tomorrow night at 10 o'clock.
The last bus will be being waited by Us tomorrow night at 10 o'clock.
The instructor will be demonstrating Flamingo dance.
Flamingo dance will be being demonstrated by the instructor.
Leonardo will be lending the money next week at the same day.
The money will be lent by Leonardo next week at the same day.
Our teacher will be explaining the theory of Pythagoras next meeting.
The theory of Pythagoras will be explained by our teacher next meeting.
I will be finishing my job tonight at 8 p.m.
My job will be being finished by me tonight at 8 p.m.
Future Perfect Tense
Saat kita ingin merubah kalimat aktif menjadi Passive Voice, kita harus merubah kata kerja bantu "will have" menjadi "will have been" dan gunakan Verb 3 untuk kata kerjanya.
Active Sentence:
SUBJECT + WILL HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + WILL HAVE + BEEN + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
I will have done my chores before noon.
My chores will have been done by me before noon.
Nagita will have visited Mr. Fedrick by the end of this week.
Mr. Fedrick will have been visited by Nagita by the end of this week.
We will have forgotten the accident.
The accident will have been forgotten by us.
Lucy will have left us by the end of this year.
We will have been left by Lucy by the end of this year.
They will have built our new classroom.
Our new classroom will have been built by Them.
We will have been left by Lucy by the end of this year.
They will have built our new classroom.
Our new classroom will have been built by Them.
Modals
Untuk kalimat yang mengandung modals kita hanya menambahkan kata "be" sehabis modals tersebut kemudian Verb yang dipakai di ubah menjadi Verb 3.
Active Sentence
SUBJECT + MODALS + VERB 1 + OBJECT
Passive Voice:
OBJECT + MODALS + BE + VERB 3 + BY SUBJECT
Contoh:
She can solve the problem.
The duduk perkara can be solved by her.
We should plant the trees in our yard.
The trees should be planted by us in our yard.
Rianto may keep the changes.
The changes may be kept by Rianto.
Untuk bentuk Tenses ibarat Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous dan Future Perfect Continuous biasanya tidak mempunyai bentuk Passive Voice.
Selain itu kalimat yang memakai kata kerja intransitif, atau kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan Object, jenis kalimat ibarat ini juga tidak mempunyai bentuk Passive Voice.
Contoh:
Andi sleeps well.
Clara lives with her grandma.
etc.
Rianto may keep the changes.
The changes may be kept by Rianto.
Untuk bentuk Tenses ibarat Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous dan Future Perfect Continuous biasanya tidak mempunyai bentuk Passive Voice.
Selain itu kalimat yang memakai kata kerja intransitif, atau kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan Object, jenis kalimat ibarat ini juga tidak mempunyai bentuk Passive Voice.
Contoh:
Andi sleeps well.
Clara lives with her grandma.
etc.
Untuk latihan soal wacana materi Passive Voice, silahkan saluran link berikut:
SOAL LATIHAN PASSIVE VOICE DALAM BERBAGAI JENIS TENSES TERLENGKAP
Semoga bermanfaat.
